Hydrology in Egypt
The hydrogeological framework of Egypt comprises six aquifer systems :
1-The Nile Aquifer System, assigned to the Quaternary and Late Tertiary, occupies the Nile flood plain region (including Cairo) and the desert fringes.
2-The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System,
Since 2001, the Nubian Sandstone aquifer situated between the Toshka and Abu Simbel areas of Egypt underwent intensive drilling and development as part of a land reclamation project. Drilling information was used to conduct a variety of studies regarding the hydrogeological setting of the area's aquifer. Results indicated that lithological characteristics and tectonic settings are having a substantial effect on groundwater flow patterns and the area's overall aquifer potentiality, which is considered relatively low when compared to neighboring areas in eastern Oweinat or Dakhla.
Geology
The aquifer is largely composed of hard ferruginous sandstone with great shale and clay intercalation, having a thickness that ranges between 140-230 meters. Groundwater type varies from fresh to slightly brackish (salinity ranges from 240-1300 ppm). The ion dominance ordering shows that sodium cation is most commonly predominating over calcium and magnesium - whereas chloride is predominant over sulfate and bicarbonate. The groundwater is of meteoric origin (the term meteoric water refers to water that originated as precipitation; most groundwater is meteoric in origin). High concentrations of sodium, chloride, and sulfates reflect the leaching and dissolution processes of gypsiferous shales and clay, in addition to a lengthy duration of water residence
3-The Moghra Aquifer System,assigned to the Lower Miocene, occupies mainly the western edge of the Delta.
4-The Coastal Aquifer Systems, assigned to the Quaternary and Late Tertiary, occupy the northern and western coasts.
5-The Karstified Carbonate Aquifer System, assigned to the Eocene and to the Upper Cretaceous, outcrops in the northern part of the Western Desert and along the Nile system.
6-The Fissured and Weathered Hard Rock Aquifer System, assigned to the Pre-Cambrian, outcrops in the Eastern Desert and Sinai.
The hydrogeological framework of Egypt comprises six aquifer systems :
1-The Nile Aquifer System, assigned to the Quaternary and Late Tertiary, occupies the Nile flood plain region (including Cairo) and the desert fringes.
2-The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System,
Since 2001, the Nubian Sandstone aquifer situated between the Toshka and Abu Simbel areas of Egypt underwent intensive drilling and development as part of a land reclamation project. Drilling information was used to conduct a variety of studies regarding the hydrogeological setting of the area's aquifer. Results indicated that lithological characteristics and tectonic settings are having a substantial effect on groundwater flow patterns and the area's overall aquifer potentiality, which is considered relatively low when compared to neighboring areas in eastern Oweinat or Dakhla.
Geology
The aquifer is largely composed of hard ferruginous sandstone with great shale and clay intercalation, having a thickness that ranges between 140-230 meters. Groundwater type varies from fresh to slightly brackish (salinity ranges from 240-1300 ppm). The ion dominance ordering shows that sodium cation is most commonly predominating over calcium and magnesium - whereas chloride is predominant over sulfate and bicarbonate. The groundwater is of meteoric origin (the term meteoric water refers to water that originated as precipitation; most groundwater is meteoric in origin). High concentrations of sodium, chloride, and sulfates reflect the leaching and dissolution processes of gypsiferous shales and clay, in addition to a lengthy duration of water residence
3-The Moghra Aquifer System,assigned to the Lower Miocene, occupies mainly the western edge of the Delta.
4-The Coastal Aquifer Systems, assigned to the Quaternary and Late Tertiary, occupy the northern and western coasts.
5-The Karstified Carbonate Aquifer System, assigned to the Eocene and to the Upper Cretaceous, outcrops in the northern part of the Western Desert and along the Nile system.
6-The Fissured and Weathered Hard Rock Aquifer System, assigned to the Pre-Cambrian, outcrops in the Eastern Desert and Sinai.
